CHILD KIDNEY DISEASE- DEFINITION, REASON, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
Definition Of Kidney Disease In Children
Kidney disease which is also called Renal Failure is permanent or short-term damage to the kidneys. As a result, kidneys are not functioning normally in the children.
There are two types of disease as follows-
(a) Acute kidney disease: This disease exploded suddenly in the children and in some cases, it can be reversed as well as work normal again.
(b) Chronic kidney disease: Kidney disease continuing after 3 months and by a gradual loss of kidney function turned as chronic kidney disease.
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Reason Of Kidney Disease In A Child:
Reason of both actuate and chronic kidney disease is as follows-
Reason of acute kidney disease:
(i) Low blood flow in the kidneys over a period of time due to surgery, shock or blood clot in the body.
(ii) Taking kind of medicines having a side effect of kidney problems.
(iii) Blockage in the urinary tract.
(iv) Found Hemolytic uremic syndrome due to E.coli infection. As a result, vessels and small structures are blocked and Kidney failure develops day by day.
(v) Due to Glomerulonephritis (this type of kidney disease occurs in the glomeruli part of the kidneys). As a result, glomeruli become inflamed and week urine filtering system.
Reason of Chronic kidney disease:
(i) Due to aloport syndrome (inherited disorder in the body). As a result, deafness and kidney damage develops over a period of time.
(ii) Found a long-term blockage in the Urinary Tract.
(iii) Due to polycystic kidney disease (a genetic disorder in the body). As a result, cysts filled with fluid in the kidneys.
(iv) Due to nephrotic syndrome (a condition that causes low protein in the blood, protein in the urine, tissue swelling and high cholesterol level in the body).
(v) Due to cystinosis (this is an inherited disorder. As a result, amino acid cystine collects in cells in the kidney called lysosomes).
(vi) Other conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes can develop kidney problems. If the problems are not treated in the proper time chronic kidney disease may form.
Symptoms Of Kidney Disease In A Child:
Symptoms of acute and chronic kidney disease are a little bit different. Though these are the most common symptoms but can be a bit different for each child.
Actuate kidney disease symptoms-
- Fever
- Bleeding
- Rash
- Stomach pain
- Severe vomiting
- Inflammation in the eyes
- Pale skin
- Less urine or excess urine
- Stomach mass
- Chronic kidney disease symptoms-
Chronic kidney disease symptoms-
- Bone pain
- Poor appetite
- Malaise
- Vomiting
- Urinary incontinence
- Bad breath
- Stunted growth
- Hearing problems
- Irritability
- Headache
- Poor muscle tone
- Lots of urine or no urine
- Pale skin
- Repeated urinary tract infections
- Change in mental alertness
- Tissue swelling
- Stomach mass
Process Of Kidney Disease Diagnosing Of A Child:
Kidney doctors are generally asking about child’s health history and related systems. After going through the check-up doctors will may give some test of your child to diagnose the kidney disease as follows-
Blood Test – This test given for to know blood cell counts, kidney function and electrolyte levels.
Urine Test –This test given for to know protein and blood level in the urine.
Renal Biopsy – Taking a small sample of kidney tissue doctors examines the tissue with a microscope through the skin with a needle or during surgery.
Renal Ultrasonography- By this test, an image of the body tissue is taking with the use of sound waves from a computer. This is a painless test and during the time of conducting the test, doctors move a device called a transducer over the belly in the kidney area to see the picture in the computer screen. To see the picture doctor analysis the size and shape of the kidneys. By this picture doctor diagnosis kidney stone, growth, cyst and other kidney problems.
Treatment Of Kidney Disease In A Child:
Pediatric Nephrologist is the specialist to treat any kind of kidney problem in a child due to their having special training to treat kidney disease. Treatment may different due to nature, child age, symptoms, general health condition and period of illness and kind of disease of a child.
Treatment of acute kidney disease-
- Admit the patient in the hospital to start treatment
- Give intravenous fluids (IV) in large quantity to replace fluid loss
- Give diuretics tablets to increase the volume of urine producing
- Observing blood salts level in the body such as sodium, potassium, calcium etc
- Give medicine to control blood pressure
- Prescribe diet chart to the patient
Treatment of chronic kidney disease-
- Give medicines to prevent loss of bone density and anemia
- Give diuretics tablets to increase the volume of urine producing
- Prescribe diet chart to the patient
- Give dialysis to the patient
Dialysis is a procedure to filter extra and waste fluids from the blood. There are two types of dialysis and pediatric nephrologists are prescribe any of this to the patient as per their condition. (a) Peritoneal dialysis (b) Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis-
A doctor can do this dialysis in your home. Under this process, a lining (also called peritoneum) is set on the belly (abdominal) cavity to filter the blood. A cavity is a space where liver, stomach and intestines are being situated.
In this dialysis pediatric nephrologist places a flexible and thin tube (called catheter) into your child’s belly. And after the tube is placed dialysate (cleansing fluid) is put through the catheter into the peritoneal cavity. For a period of time, the fluid is left in the belly and after that waste product is absorbed by this fluid through the peritoneum. Now with the process of exchange (filling and draining fluids) the fluid is then drained from the belly, measured and discarded.
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Hemodialysis-
This dialysis is done by child kidney doctors in the hospital or any dialysis center. Under this process, AV fistula (special type of access called arteriovenous) is placed during a small surgery. This fistula is an artery and a vein that are joined together and set in the child’s arm. An external IV catheter may also be inserted.
Now the child is connected with a large hemodialysis machine and blood is pumped through a tube into the machine to filter out the waste and extra fluid. Then with another tube positioning back into the child body the filtered blood flows. Hemodialysis is generally done several times a week and each session duration is 4 to 5 hours.
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When Should I Go To Pediatric Nephrologist For My Child?
You need to go to the best kidney doctor immediately after noticing the above-mentioned symptoms in your child.